Piston



A. F. HANISH ET L PISTON Filed Dec. l0. 1921 Patented Apr. 29, 1F24..

ARTHUR F. HANISH AND RICHD D. HAEISH, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

rrs'ron'.

.application led ecember 10, 1921. Serial No. 521,357.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that we, ARTHUR F. HANISH and RICHARD D. HANISH, citizens ofthe United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin andState of Chio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inPistons, of which the following is a specification, reference being hadtherein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to pistons for internal combustion engines andthe like.

One object ot' the invention is to provide a piston of such aconstruction that the skirt thereof will not become heated to anexcessive degree.

A further object of theV invention is to provide a piston in which theoil will not come in contact with excessively heated parts of thepiston, thereby reducing the formation of carbon in the cylinder.

A further object of the invention is to provide a very strong pistonwhich will Vbe of light weight and accurately balanced.

@ther objects of the invention will appear as the piston is described indetail.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 1s a top pla-n view of aipistonembodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plston with theouter head removed; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the piston; Fig. 4t isa transverse sectional view taken centrally of the piston; Fig. 5 is aside elevation of the outer head ofthe piston; and Fig. 6 is a bottomplan view of the outer head.

The iston is provided with a hollow head, the enc osed space of the headcommunicating with the exterior of the piston by circumferentialopenings. The hollow head is preferably formed in two parts and theouter part may, if desired, be formed of aluminum or a suitable aluminumcomposition, which provides light weight and enables the piston to beaccurately balanced on the Wrist pin of the connecting rod. As hereshown, the piston comprises a body ortion, or main piston, consisting ofa hea 1 and a skirt. or apron 2. Mounted upon the body portion is asupplemental, or outer, head 3 which is rigidly secured to the innerhead 1 and which is spaced therefrom in such a manner as to provide achamber within the head of the piston. The outer head 3 may be of anysuitable character and may be secured to the inner head in any suitablemanner. As stated, it is preferably formed of aluminum composition. andas here shown it is provided with a central aperture which is screwthreaded onto a stud 4 formed integral with the inner head 1. The outerhead may be held against rotation on the inner head in various ways butin the present instance we prefer to heat the outer head before it isscrewed onto the stud 4 so that it will shrink and tightly grip thethreads of the stud. To further lock the outer head against rotation wehave formed one or more screw threaded openings 5 in the joint betweenthe stud 4 and ti'iehead 3, which openings are tapped to receive screws6, the heads of which are countersunk in the outer face of the pistonhead 3 and the inner ends of which are upset on the inner face of theinner piston 1. lt will be notedv that the opening in the outer head 3is surrounded by a boss 7 which bears upon the outersurtace of the innerhead 1, thus spacing the head 3 from the head 1 and providing a chamberbetween the two heads. The size of this chamber is increased and thestrength ot the piston is also increased b v tapering the inner head 1from its point of contact with the box 7`to the skirt 2. The peripheraledge of the outer head 3 may be supported in any suitable manner but asrhere shown this outer head is of a diameter substantially equal to thediameter of the body portion of the piston and has an inwardly extendingflange 8 which is provided with piston ring grooves 9. This flangeterminates short of the peripheral portion of the inner head 1 and issupported thereon by means of lugs, or feet, l10 which extend inwardlyfrom the flange 8, thereby providing circumferential openings leadin tothe chamber in the double piston hea It will be noted that the upperedge ofthe skirt 2 extends slightly above the lowest portion of theouter surface of the inner head, thus forming a V-shaped channel 12 fromwhich openings 13 extend through the inner head 1. The lugs 10 on theflange 8 are tapered to seat snugly within this channel and are thusprevented from any tendenc to lateral movement. The body portion o thepiston is preferably provided in the outer portion of the skirt 2 with athird piston ring groove 14 so that the openings leading to the chamberwithin the piston head lie between the piston ring in the groove 14 andthe ring in the inner groove 9. Any oil which may pass the innermostring will enter the o enlngs in the side of the piston head an beconducted to the channel 12 and thence llGtl lll@ through the openings13 to the interior of the piston. It is thus prevented from coming incont-act with the highly heated portions of the piston and the carbonformed in the cylinder is materially reduced. If desired, bolts `11 maybe extended through the two piston heads and through the chambersbetween the same to further reinforce the structure.

By use of the double head with the chamber separating the two partsthereof and having an opening through the circumferential wall, we areenabled to. reduce the heat which reaches the inner head of the pistonand the skirt of the piston and thus prevent the oil from coming incontact with the highly heated parts of the piston and also to preventthe distortion of the skirt. due to the excessive heat. The aluminumouter head materially reduces the weight of the piston and furtherreduces the weight atl such a point in the piston construction as toenable an accurate balance to be had on the wrist pin for the connectingrod. which is journaled in the bearings shown al 15 in Fig. 4.Theipiston as a whole is highly efficient in operation and is of verysti-ong, durable construction. The outer head bcing connected with theinner head near its center only is free to expand. at itscircumferential portion, relatively to the body of the piston, therebypreventing unequal expansion of the body and maintaining the piston as awhole in correct relation to the cylinder.

While we have shown and described one embodiment of our invention wewish it to be understood that we do not. desire to be limited to thedetails thereof as various modifications may occur t-o a person skilledin the art.

Having now fully described our invention what we claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A piston comprising a hollow head having upper and lower walls and acircumferential wall, the latter Vhaving openings leading tothe spacewithin said head, and said piston also having a circun'iferential edgeadjacent to said openings to remove oil from the wall of the cylinderand deliver it to saidopenings.

2. A piston comprising a main portion havin a head and an outer portionsecured to sai head, spaced therefrom and having a` circumferentialflange in supporting engagement with said head, said flange havingportions spaced from said head to provide openings leading to the spacebetweeno the said head and said outer portion.

3. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, an outer headrigidly secured to the first mentioned head, spaced therefrom and havinga circumferential flange, said flange being provided with projectionsspaced apart and engaging the first mentioned head to provide openingsleading to the space between the two heads.

4. A'piston comprising a main portion having a head and having apistonring groove in the circumferential wall thereof near said head, and anouter head rigidly secured to the first mentioned head, spaced therefromand having a circumferential flange provided with piston ring grooves,said flange having portions spaced from the first mentioned head toprovide openings between two of said piston ring grooves and leading tothe space between said heads.

5. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head having achannel near the circumference thereof and having openingsconm-ctingsaid channel with the interior of said main portion of saidpiston, an outer head rigidly secured to the first mentioned head,spaced therefrom and having a circumferential flange supported by saidmain portion and having circumferential openings colnmunicating with thespace between said heads` and with'said channel.

(. A piston comprising a main portion,

having a head provided in its outer surface .ind near the edge thereofwith a channel and having openings leading from said channel to theinterior of said portion of said head, an outer head rigidly secured tothe first mentioned head. spaced therefrom, and having a circumferentialflange, said flange having lnojections spacedapart and shaped to fitwithin said channel.

7. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head beingprovided with a central screw threaded stud, an outer head screwthreaded onto said stud and having a circumferential flange supported bythe first mentioned Ahead near the periphery thereof and having openingsleading to the space between said heads.

8. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head beingprovided with a central screw threaded stud, an outer head screwthreaded onto said stud and having a vcircumferential flange supportedby the first mentioned head near the periphery thereof and havingopenings leading to the space between said heads, a screw threadedopening formed in the joint between said stud and said outer head` and ascrew seated in said opening.

9. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head `having acentral outwardly extending stud, an outer head having a central openingto receive said stud and surrounded by an inwardly extending boss toengage the first, mentioned head, said First mentioned head slopingdownwardly .and outwardly from the point of contact with said boss. andsaid outer head having circmnfcrcntial flanges supported by the outerportion of the first mentioned head andlll bearings for a wrist pin, anouter head of anv aluminum composition rigidly lsecured at its center tothe first mentioned head, spaced therefrom, and having a circumferentialflange, said flange having projections to engage the first mentionedhead near the periphery thereof.

11. A piston comprising a main portion having a head and a skirt, saidskirt having bearings for a W'rist pin, an outer head rigidly securednear its center to the first mentioned head, and having acircumferential flange resting upon but disconnected from the firstmentioned head, whereby the circumferential portion of said outer headmay expand relatively to the first mentioned head.

12. A piston comprising a main portion having a head and a skirt, saidskirt having bearings for a wrist pin, an outer head rigidly securednear its center to the first memtioned head, spaced therefrom and havinat its circumferential portion parts arranged to be supported by and tomove relatively to said first mentioned head.

13. A piston comprising amain portion having a head, and an outer headspaced from and secured to the first ment1oned head, one of said headshaving a. circumferential portion in supporting contact with the otherhead and having openings leading to the space between said heads.

14. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, and an outer headspaced from and secured to first mentioned head, one of said headshaving a circumferential portion in supporting Contact with the otherhead and having openings leading to the space between said heads, saidouter head having greater expansibility than the first mentioned head.

In testimony whereof, we afx our signatures hereto.

ARTHUR F. HANISH. RICHARD D. HANISH.

